Microsoft has published a lecture from its educational series "Building the Modern Quantum Architecture," devoted to the engineering path toward a utility-scale quantum computer — one capable of solving problems classical machines cannot touch. The presenter, Microsoft Technical Fellow Dr. Matthias Troyer, explains why the most promising applications lie in chemistry and materials science — from better batteries to sustainable coolants — and how quantum computing will work alongside AI and high-performance computing (HPC) to accelerate scientific discovery. He also explores the idea of teaching AI the laws of quantum physics to predict material properties more accurately.